Thursday, March 13, 2014

The Food Movement's “omnivore’s contradiction": “ethical butchers”

A few months ago, the New Yorker featured this awesome cartoon:


A punchline that would have anybody laugh and think.  Perhaps laugh first, and then think for a long while.

I was reminded of that cartoon, even as I started reading this essay in The American Scholar.  That cartoon is a wonderful example of a picture being worth a thousand words.

Anyway, the essay notes that the food movement (yes, think of the likes of Michael Pollan and Alice Waters) simply refuses to even acknowledge a basic question:
How do you ethically justify both respecting and killing a sentient animal?
It is one thing for the foodies to rail against the agro-industrial complex.  And there is a lot of merit to it.  But,
The Food Movement’s popularity is built upon this idea: that animals raised in factory farms have qualities that make them worthy of our moral consideration. Animals are not objects, and their welfare matters to the extent that they should not suffer the abusive confines of factory farms. They deserve the time, space, and freedom to exist as the creatures they were born to be. These concerns assume that farm animals—given their ability to experience suffering in industrialized settings—have authentic emotional lives and intrinsic worth. Our belief that they should not suffer abuse in confinement recognizes their fundamental moral status as sentient beings. They can suffer, and as a direct result, we should, whenever possible, avoid inflicting suffering upon them. If animals didn’t matter to us in a moral sense, then the harm systematically inflicted upon them in industrial operations would pose no ethical concerns whatsoever. We’d be indifferent to their abuse.
If the Food Movement’s stance on animals raised in factory farms is clear, it grows murky when applied to nonindustrial, more humane, farms. Indeed, that’s where the omnivore’s contradiction comes into sharp focus. The Food Movement’s premises about farm animals are (we will assume for now) adequately met on most small, sustainable, humane farms. Still, there’s no denying that even on the most impressive of these farms—no matter how much their owners talk about a respectful death—animals are raised for the ultimate purpose of being killed and turned into commodities. The Food Movement habitually minimizes this reality, but the fact remains: just as on factory farms, animals on humane farms are, on slaughter day, transformed through raw violence into objects, after which they are commodified, consumed, and replaced with all the efficiency of car parts.
Why is the killing of animals justified when a Michael Pollan kills one?  BTW, I wonder if Pollan has ever killed a cow. Maybe he did, eh!

Thus, the hypocrisy of it all:
the elevation of how animals are raised as a moral consideration (poorly in factory farms; well on humane farms) above why we are raising them (to kill and eat them in both cases). It is at this crucial moment in a farm animal’s life—the human choice to slaughter the beast against its will—that the moral consideration so effectively deployed to condemn the factory farming of animals loses its punch and its plausibility.
So, if the foodies are really, really upset at the atrocious treatment of animals in the industrial process--and there any number of undercover videos one can watch till the point of puking is reached--then why don't they call for an end to killing animals, whether in the food factories or on the organic farms?
But they are not prepared to take that stand. This decision—this curious dodge—is bound to rot the movement from within. It’s a typical sleight of hand of which Pollan is a master. To wit, he explained to Oprah Winfrey in 2011 that after deliberating about the legitimacy of eating meat, “I came out thinking I could eat meat in this very limited way, from farmers who were growing it in a way that I could feel good about how the animals lived.”
How is it possible to ethically raise, love, and then kill an animal “in this very limited way”? If Pollan really does want to “feel good” about an animal’s quality of life—much in the way he would, say, his pet dog’s—then what’s the exact justification for cutting that life short (by something like 75 percent) for a menu choice? Wouldn’t it be better to spare the pseudo-philosophizing and just admit (as Comis did, until he announced on his blog in February that he had become a vegetarian) that he likes meat too much to stop consuming it? And if that’s the competing consideration—loving meat—then all humanitarian ballyhooing over animals in factory farms becomes meaningless, as do the arguments over animal suffering in general.
The likes of Michael Pollan have found a neat niche for themselves: they peddle a story that makes their faithful feel great about how they are being righteous about the whole damn thing.  That is all.  It pisses me off when they are all high and mighty about how they are a gazillion times better than those getting the "regular" meat.  Of course, there are plenty of those preachy types right here in Oregon, which is also why Portlandia did that awesome episode about the chicken order in the restaurant.
Owning animals for the purposes of slaughter and consumption means that ethical corners will be cut to enhance the bottom line. As competition for privileged consumers increases, this corner cutting can only be expected to intensify.
A short list of routine and sometimes unavoidable problems prevalent on nonindustrial animal farms, all noted by farmers themselves, includes the following: excessive rates of pastured animals being killed by wild and domestic animals, mutilation of pig snouts to prevent detrimental rooting, castration without anesthesia, botched slaughters, preventive (and illicit) antibiotic use, outbreaks of salmonella and trichinosis, acute pasture damage, overuse of pesticides and animal vaccines, and routine separation of mothers and calves. Animals granted a little more space, in other words, still suffer the negative consequences of being owned for exploitation. Given that they are destined to be commodities, not companions, this should not come as a surprise. Hence the ultimate cost of failing to address the omnivore’s contradiction: the ongoing suffering of the animals that farmers and foodies say they care so much about.
Yep, the foodies "say" they "care" about the suffering that the animals go through.

I have blogged enough here (like this one) about trying to make peace with killing animals for food. It is an ongoing issue for this atheist.  When everything fails, I turn to the New Yorker:


6 comments:

Ramesh said...

We've debated this before. Despite my being a vegetarian, I have no issues with others eating meat.

This issue is a good example of how, even in moral and ethical issues, there are always shades of gray. Plants are life too. Killing them is just another point on the continuum - just because they can't express emotions, is it OK to kill them ?? On the other hand you can't survive without food. So what is morally acceptable is for each person to decide where he wants to stand on the continuum. If Pollan wants to stand where he is, that's fine by me. I have plonked myself in the vegetarian point - its OK to kill plants and eat them, but not OK to kill animals. Some Jains stand on no killing at all - they will only eat grains or fruits which can be obtained without killing the plant. To each his own.

What I object to is killing for reasons other than food. For sport, for trophies, etc etc. There I can take a black and white stance.

By the way, I suppose my Krugman is your Pollan. Until I read this, I didn't even know who he was though :)

Sriram Khé said...

The issue between plant and animals not the same.
The key difference is this: "sentient"

The cow or the pig that is led to be killed gives more than enough evidence that it seems to be feel something awful, awful is going to happen. A plant does not provide us with that kind of evidence. Without evidence, there is no reason to suspect that plants are able to perceive feelings. What the orthodox Jains claim is strictly out of faith and not based on evidence, which is why equating their ideas with the discussions here is incorrect. Thus, killing animals and consuming plants are not by any means along the same continuum--these are non-intersecting.

Further, one of the major points that Pollan and his faithful flock champion in their approach to food is their moral claims against the industrial killing of animals. And that industrial approach is all messed up, yes. No doubts about that. But, what they refuse to even consider is that the killing in a "humane" organic farm is also killing of those sentient animals, and that killing aint pretty either.

Ramesh said...

Disagree. Sentience is not relevant, I believe. Killing is killing.

Sriram Khé said...

"Sentience is not relevant" means that we have to disagree on this very point of departure.
But that disagreement is only with respect to whether killing a plant is ok.

You, on the other hand, need to work out what seems to be a contradicton in your stand: you claim killing is killing, but then you are ok with people killing animals, especially the ones that seem to be aware of the death chambers that await them ...

I am even ok with people killing and eating them as long as they have thought that through. The reality, of which I am confident, is that most people simply do not think through this at all. And, in fact, about most things in life. Well, it just means that most people simply don't think through life itself. After all, our discussions here come down to what we mean as life and what it means to kill a life. If even the confirmed atheist that I am have problems then people of faith have to have enormous problems with this--unless the dogma they believe in says it is absolutely ok to kill. In which case, they need to queston their religion that tells them killing is ok ;)

Ramesh said...

Mmmmmm. This is a good debate to have (especially with a debater who argues reasonably and not dogmatically), so, with your permission, I will continue this just once or twice further, before we move on.

My stand is this. Killing for food is OK, but killing for anything else is not OK. As always, all killing is not the same and this is where I argue that there is a continuum where each person can decide where he wants to stand and I am willing to respect that stand.

The Jain stands on not killing at all, not even plants. Yes, that is derived from faith, but the primary principle is not to kill. So they only eat plant and animal produce (like milk) which does not entail killing a living being. I have made my peace by eating plants, even if it involved killing and animal products like milk which do not involve killing. You have made your peace by accepting killing certain animals and in certain ways, but not other animals and not other ways. I respect that. Others eat anything that moves, killing it in any way. I don't personally like that but I can respect that choice. As you say, many may not have made that decision with any great thought, but perhaps subconsciously, some decision making process has happened.

The sentience argument, in my view is dangerous. By that logic any being that is not sentient is OK to be killed. Does that extend to an animal that is sleeping and is completely unaware of what is to happen. Or is the application of the concept "a being that is capable of sentience even though at the present moment it is not sentient" ?

Yes, more thought and more debate would be good and not many people do it. But what about killing for "sport". I find that absolutely a horrible concept. Even if you have to do it, do it with at least odds even. What's the sport in shooting deer with high powered rifles, riding a SUV when the deer has no defence against that. Fox hunting, a traditional "sport" in the UK, where foxes are flushed out with dogs - Yuuuuk !

Finally a compliment to you. You are one of the few guys I know with whom a pleasant debate is possible, even if we disagree, who makes the debate a pleasurable exercise to do, and at the end of which, even if we leave it at a disagreement, have learnt a little more, thought a little more and appreciated contrary points of view. Bravo.

Sriram Khé said...

Oh, there is no doubt about the killing for sport. It is just bizarre, especially with the hi-tech gadgets now.

The non-religious, atheist, and evidence-based person that I am, well, I have to acknowledge that you are making this whole killing thing a relative definition. I will continue to point out that if killing an animal is wrong is what you say, then that take superiority over the relativism. In your framework, you cannot have those both those ideas at the same time because they are on conflict. Either killing an animal is wrong, wherever that happens; or, if people kill for food, that is ok. To bring in a peaceful metaphor, you are trying to have your cake and eat it too ;)

The sentience is not merely about when the animal is asleep or awake. Imagine a homicide that is ruled as not a murder because the victim was asleep at that time. So, being awake or asleep does not matter. What matters is whether they are sentient.

So, what about the non-sentient living things, right? And, what about the non-living things too? Why is it ok to dam a river? Why is it ok to pollute the sky? Exactly! We--humans--need to address all these questions too. Unfortunately, we don't. What a shame that we don't :(

I am always amazed at the abortion protesters in this country. Almost all of the anti-abortion people are meat eaters. Every day, if not every meal, they go about killing animals--well, not they themselves, but they have merely outsourced that task of killing. Compared to the millions of animals that are being killed, and that too in the most horrible conditions even when those animals are raised, the fetusus, which are not even born yet, are miniscule in number. Yet, the fight is over that small number of killing of the unborn. What an arrogance that the fertilized egg of the human is way more important that the life of a real cow that is alive and well!!!

So, yeah, the really strict Jains have an internally consistent philosophy when it comes to killing. The rest of us are riddled with contradictions, some more than others. I am not sugestng that there is THE truth that we can arrive at--all I want is people to engage in these discussions and figure out for themselves if they are ok with killing animals and eating them. The likes of Michael Pollan annoy me with their righteous talk ;)

Well, hey, you are being reasonable too in the discussion, which is why we are going round after round. So, bravo to you too!